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Clapper v. Amnesty International USA
''Clapper v. Amnesty International'', , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that Amnesty International USA and others lacked standing to challenge (also known as Section 702) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act as amended by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008.
==Background==
''Clapper'' was a challenge to the FISA Amendments Act of 2008, which empowers the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court to authorize surveillance without a showing of probable cause that the target of the surveillance is an agent of a foreign power. The government need only demonstrate that the surveillance targets “persons reasonably believed to be located outside the United States” and seeks “foreign intelligence information.”〔 The plaintiffs alleged that they sustained greater inconvenience and higher costs because of the need to conduct secure communications with parties overseas whom the U.S. government had probably targeted for surveillance.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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